UNIDAD I VERBAL TENSES

Simple Present tenseIn third person in singular the in [VERB] + s/es.
For example:
Carla works in Maracay.
Structure: .SentenceSubject +verb in present + complement
He wants a cup of te
I watch TV everyday
Yes No QuestionAuxiliary (do/does)+ Subject+ Verb +Complement ?
Do you want to eat eggs?Yes, I want to eat eggs./ Yes, I do.No, I don`t want to eat eggs./ No, I don`t
Does Carla drink a glas of water?Yes, she drinks a glass of water./ Yes, she doesNo, she doesn`t drink a glass of water./ No, she doesn`t
Wh QuestionsWh+ aux.(do/does) + Verb+ Complement ?
What does Jim do on Sundays?He plays Baseball on Sundays
The present tense has three rules:
Rule 1. When the action can be a habit: cuando es un hábito.
Example: Mary eats breasfast at home everyday - María desayuna in casa todos los días.I wake up at 5 am every day- yo me levanto todos los dìas a las 5 amR
Rule2. When it is a real fact: cuando es un hecho real
Example: The sun shines - El sol brilla.
Rules 3 When the action Expresses a near future: Cuando la acción expresa un futuro cercano:
Example:The train leaves at 8 O'clock tomorrow morning – El tren sale mañana a las 8 de la mañana.Use the Simple Present to express the idea that an action is repeated or usual. The action can be a habit, a hobby, a daily event, a scheduled event or something that often happens. It can also be something a person often forgets or usually does not do.
Examples:• I play tennis.• She doesn`t play tennis.• Does he play tennis?• She always forgets her book.
Read the following interview using the simple present tenseMark: Hello, Can I ask you some questions for an interview?Jennifer: Yes, I can answer some questions.Mark: Thank you for taking the time. Now, first question: What do you do?Jennifer: I work in a library. I'm a librarian.Mark: Are you married?Jennifer: Yes, I am.Mark: What does your husband do?Jennifer: He works as a policeman.Mark: Do you usually have dinner together?Jennifer: Yes, we do.Mark: How often does your husband exercise?Jennifer: He sometimes exercises four times a week. But, he usually exercises only twice a week.Mark: Where do you like going on holiday?Jennifer: We rarely go on holiday. However, we like going to the mountains if we can.Mark: What type of books do you read?Jennifer: I often read horror stories.Mark: Thank you very much for answering my questions.Jennifer: You're welcome!Where do you often go on Fridays?I go to the movies.
Simple Past tenseFORM[VERB+ed] or irregular verbs
SentenceSubject +verb in pastt + complement
He wanted a cup of coffee last night
I brought my notebook yesterday.
Yes No QuestionAuxiliary (did)+ Subject+ Verb +Complement ?
(Note: use the auxiliary did for all persons. The main verb stays in the base form)
Did you go to school yesterday?Yes, I did./ Yes, I went to school yesterdayNo, I didn`t/ No, I didn`t go to school yesterday.
Did Marcos drink a glas of water?Yes, he drank a glass of water./ Yes, he did.
No, he didn`t drink a glass of water./ No, he didn`t.
Wh QuestionsWh+ aux.(did) + Verb+ Complement ?
What did Jim do yesterday?He played Baseball yesterday
Where did you go last night?I went to the movies?
I went to the movies.
Rule: 1 Completed Action in the PastUse the Simple Past to express the idea that an action started and finished at a specific time in the past. Sometimes, the speaker may not actually mention the specific time, but they do have one specific time in mind.Examples:I saw a movie yesterday.I didn't see a play yesterday.Last year, I traveled to Japan.
Rule: 2 Duration in PastThe Simple Past can be used with a duration which starts and stops in the past. A duration is a longer action often indicated by expressions such as: for two years, for five minutes, all day, all year, etc.Examples:I lived in Brazil for two years.Shauna studied Japanese for five years.They sat at the beach all day.Rule 3: Use the simple past to talk about a complete action in the past. The past action is usually indicated by words such as yesterday, last week, last night, last year. Etc.
Example: I went to the school yesterday.He watched TV lst night.
Past Simple Quiz
Tom brougt(buy) a new house last month.When did they arrive (they/arrive) last week?She din´t undertastand (not/understand) the question yesterday.Fred took (take) a lot of pictures on his holiday last summer.What did you get (you/get) for your birthday?They didn´t remenber (not/remember) to get the bread this morning!Alice played (play) tennis this morning.Where do you went (you/go) last weekend?
Simple Future
Simple Future has two different forms in English: "will" and "be going to." Although the two forms can sometimes be used interchangeably, they often express two very different meanings. These different meanings might seem too abstract at first, but with time and practice, the differences will become clear. Both "will" and "be going to" refer to a specific time in the future
FORM Will[will + verb]
Examples:Subj+ will+verb+complementYou will help him later.Will +subject+verb+complement ?Will you help him later?
Yes, I will help him later./ Yes, I willNo, I won`t help him./ No, I won`t
FORM Be Going To[am/is/are + going to + verb
Examples:Subj+verb to be +going to+verbYou are going to meet Jane tonight.Verb to be+subject+going to+ verb?Are you going to meet Jane tonight?Yes, I am going to meet Jane tonight./ Yes, I amNo, I am not going to meet Jane tonight./ No, I am not.
USE 1 "Will" to Express a Voluntary Action"Will" often suggests that a speaker will do something voluntarily. A voluntary action is one the speaker offers to do for someone else. Often, we use "will" to respond to someone else's complaint or request for help. We also use "will" when we request that someone help us or volunteer to do something for us. Similarly, we use "will not" or "won't" when we refuse to voluntarily do something.Examples:I will send you the information when I get it.I will translate the email, so Mr. Smith can read it.Will you help me move this heavy table?USE 2 "Will" to Express a Promise"Will" is usually used in promises.Examples:I will call you when I arrive.If I am elected President of the United States, I will make sure everyone has access to inexpensive health insurance.I promise I will not tell him about the surprise partyUSE 3 "Be going to" to Express a Plan"Be going to" expresses that something is a plan. It expresses the idea that a person intends to do something in the future. It does not matter whether the plan is realistic or not.Examples:He is going to spend his vacation in Hawaii.She is not going to spend her vacation in HawaiiUSE 4 "Will" or "Be Going to" to Express a PredictionBoth "will" and "be going to" can express the idea of a general prediction about the future. Predictions are guesses about what might happen in the future. In "prediction" sentences, the subject usually has little control over the future and therefore USES 1-3 do not apply. In the following examples, there is no difference in meaning.Examples:The year 2222 will be a very interesting year.The year 2222 is going to be a very interesting year.John Smith will be the next President.Put the correct forms of the verbs into the gaps. Use the Simple Present in the statements.Example: I _____ in the lake. (to swim)Answer: I swim in the lake.1) We call our dog. (to call)2) Emma de am in the lessons. (to dream)3) They look at birds. (to look)4) John to come home from school. (to come)5) I to meet my friends. (to meet)6) He to repair the laptop. (to repair)7) Walter and Frank to say hello. (to say)8) The cat to sit under the tree. (to sit)9) You to drink water. (to drink)10) She to forget the lunchbox. (to forget)Put the correct forms of the verbs into the gaps. Use the Simple Past in the statements.Example: She ______ her mother in the kitchen. (to help)Answer: She helped her mother in the kitchen.1) They ordered something to drink. (to order)2) Last summer I went to Stuttgart. (to go)3) She made her homework in the afternoon. (to do)4) He counted to 10. (to count)5) Our cat captured a big mouse. (to catch)6) In 2001 our class maked a trip to Norwich. (to make)7) The weather delete really nice. (to be)8) The secretary deleted the file yesterday. (to delete)9) Paul said nothins to me. (to say)Put in the verbs in brackets into the gaps and form sentences. Use the will-future.Example: The weather ______ nice at the weekend. (to be)Answer: The weather will be nice at the weekend.1) Tomorrow it wiil rain in the north-west. (to rain)2) My friend will be 12 next Monday. (to be)3) Hey John! Wait a minute. I wiil have a word with you. (to have)4) She will contact her boss next week. (to contact)5) I think you will get this job. (to get)6) They will arrive at about 6 pm. (to arrive)7) The teacher will explain this exercise. (to explain)8) He will drop the bottle of water. (to drop)9) Lots of accidents will happen in that weather. (to happen)10) She will scream if you show her the spider. (to scream)Put in the verbs in brackets into the gaps and form sentences. Use the going to-future.Example: She _____________ a present for her mother. (to buy)Answer: She is going to buy a present for her mother. or She's going to buy a present for her mother.1) He is going to phone his friend. (to phone)2) We are going to play a new computer game. (to play)3) My sister is going to wath TV. (to watch)4) You are going to have a picnic next Tuesday. (to have)5) Jane is going to go to the office. (to go)6) They are goin to walk to the bus stop this afternoon. (to walk)7) His brother is going to write a letter to his uncle today. (to write)8) She is going to visit her aunt. (to visit)9) I is going to do my homework after school. (to do)
10) Sophie and Nick are going to meet her friends. (to meet)